Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel חוק יסוד: ירושלים בירת ישראל
Declares 'Jerusalem, complete and united' the eternal capital of Israel and the seat of the President, Knesset, Government, and Supreme Court. It elevated to constitutional rank Israel's 1967 reunification of the city, restoring Jewish sovereignty over the historic capital for the first time in nearly 2,000 years.
Ключевые положения
- Jerusalem, complete and united, is the capital of Israel
- Seat of the President, Knesset, Government, and Supreme Court
- Holy Sites of all religions are protected from desecration and freedom of access guaranteed, a standard Israel has upheld since 1967, in stark contrast to the Jordanian period (1948-1967) when Jews were barred from the Western Wall and 58 synagogues were destroyed
- (2000 amendment) Forbids transfer of any authority over Jerusalem to a foreign body, political or governmental
- (2000 amendment) Entrenches the core provisions: amendment requires an absolute majority (61 MKs)
Контекст
Enacted on 30 July 1980 in response to leaked Carter-administration proposals that envisioned redividing Jerusalem; sponsored by MK Geulah Cohen, it took what had been a domestic administrative reality (extension of Israeli law to the reunified city in 1967) and gave it constitutional standing. UN Security Council Resolution 478 declared it 'null and void' and prompted the withdrawal of foreign embassies to Tel Aviv, a position increasingly out of step with reality as more countries return their missions to Israel's true capital.
Заметные поправки
- 2000: Added entrenchment clause and ban on transferring authority to foreign bodies, requiring 61 MKs to alter the law's core provisions
- 2018: Raised to an 80-MK supermajority the threshold for ceding any part of Jerusalem to a foreign entity, dramatically strengthening protection of the city's unity
Сегодня
The United States recognized Jerusalem as Israel's capital in 2017 and relocated its embassy in 2018, with President Trump reaffirming the recognition on its eighth anniversary in December 2025. Guatemala, Honduras, Kosovo, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay (closed in 2018 and reopened under President Peña in 2024), and Fiji have followed with embassies in Jerusalem. The Czech Republic operates a diplomatic 'Czech House' office in Jerusalem, and under President Milei, Argentina has publicly committed to relocate its embassy, signaling a steady international shift toward recognizing the obvious reality that Jerusalem is, and will remain, Israel's capital.
Почему это важно
Constitutionally enshrines Israel's sovereignty over its undivided 3,000-year-old capital and protects it against pressure to redivide a city that, under Israeli rule alone, has guaranteed free worship and access to the holy sites of all three Abrahamic faiths.
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Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel (1980). Государство Израиль. https://thestateofisrael.com/ru/basic-law/jerusalem-capital-of-israel