Foreign Relations

Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan Sign Mutual Defense Pact in Mecca

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Courtroom-sketch editorial illustration of three heads of state standing side by side in a formal palace hall, each holding open a dark signed agreement folder toward the viewer, with small national flags on a low table beside them and tall draped windows behind.

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif signed the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement on Friday at Al-Safa Palace in Mecca, at a summit convened at the invitation of King Salman bin Abdulaziz. Their joint statement said the accord is meant to strengthen collective deterrence against any act of aggression and stipulates that an armed attack against any one of the three states shall be regarded as an attack against them all. It also commits them to expand defense cooperation in all areas. A Turkish official said the pact is purely defensive and is open to other regional states.

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